East Asian History Essay Example for Free

East Asian History Essay In the year 1943, the allied forces made a Deceleration in Cairo pledging freedom for the Korean peninsula from Japan. The US, China and Great Britain were the main parties involved in this declaration, often known as the ‘Cairo Declaration’. In the Yalta Conference, Roosevelt made a proposal to the USSR leaders for having a four-power leadership of Korea. Although, Stalin took President Roosevelt points into consideration, no formal agreement was reached upon. President Roosevelt proposed that the US, USSR, Great Britain and China would take hold on Korea. Following these talks, the tension between the communist nations and the western nations began to rise. In the Postdam conference in July 1945, Independence was promised for Korea. The US asked the USSR to enter the war with Japan to free Korea. However, they also suggested that the Japanese could not be attacked from Korea, unless the Japanese mainlands were captured. The USSR army attacked the Japanese forces from the northern side after capturing Manchuria. Following the American bombing of the Japanese cities in August 8, 1945, the Japanese troops began to surrender. The 38th Parallel was utilized as a line of control. North of this line, the USSR troops took charge and south of this line, the American army had control. The Japanese forces actually surrendered to the US forces on September 8th in Seoul. The USSR forces began to seal the line of control. The USSR forces were however present in Korea earlier compared to the American forces. There are many reasons as to why the US government wanted to divide Korea. Some suggest that it was basically done to prevent the USSR army from occupying the entire Korea. Other felt that it was to increase the military presence (from several countries) in Korea, and in this way prevent any single power from taking control of Korea. Initially, the Korean division was proposed as a temporary measure (basically for military operations). However, the conflict between the Eastern and Western powers meant that no particular solution was reached for this issue. In this way Korea continued to be divided (Turner Learning, 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia, 2007). Once Korea was divided, the Americans began to have a Government under Korea under the rule of Syngman Rhee. This government was basically set up against communism. South Korea was called as ‘Republic of Korea’. In the northern side, the USSR government set up a communist government under the rule of Kim II Sung. This state was called as ‘Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’. Kim II Sung was actually a major of the Red Army. After the World War II he was considered the head of the North Korean communist party. He was appointed the head of a committee for settling administrative issues. In 1947, a legislative assembly was formed in North Korea, and Kim was elected the head. He had a strong military presence in North Korea. Initially, Stalin wanted to stop Kim from using communist influence in North Korea, but Kim was against this. Later, Stalin and Kim were planning to enforce communism throughout Korea. Kim II Sung’s army was known as the ‘North Korean Military Army’. This army included a few generals who had waged war against the Japanese. Kim was interested in developing a nation that was torn out of war. He brought all agricultural activities under the control of state. He also started developing the industry in Korea. On the other hand, the South Korean’s did not have a strong military presence under the US army. When the US army was withdrawing its troops in 1949, only about 100, 000 soldiers were trained in the South Korean Army. The Russians began to support an attack of South Korea in the year 1950. North Korea utilized Russian artillery, guns and tanks to launch an attack in South Korea. The South Koreans were unprepared by the attack from the North Koreans. The American aid was rather insufficient. The Americans and the UN had to support South Korea in its fight against North Korea during the Korean War (Turner Learning, 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia, 2007).

Nelson Mandela Leadership Style

Nelson Mandela Leadership Style Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, the leader and father of South African population, will turn 92 years on the 18th of July. Born in Transkei, a village in the south-eastern area of South Africa, he was exposed to the African history from his childhood due to his father being the chief of the village. As a result he gained a deeper understanding of the African government and the unfair and inhuman treatment by white people. Once again his father influenced his life path as he was the one who gave the permission for Rolihlahla, to join elementary school where he was given the English name, Nelson. Calling it fate or destiny Mandela in his biography wonders if his teacher gave him that name after the British sea captain Lord Nelson (Mandela N., 1994). Moving on with his education, Nelson enrolled in the Fort Hare University. At that point, his leadership skills unfolded, winning an expulsion from University for leading a student strike. Thus, he completed his degree in law at the University of South Africa (Notable Biographies, 2010). On the other hand, his personal life included three marriages resulting in having six children, twenty-one grandchildren and three great-grandchildren (Mandela N., 1994). A point of reference is the time, in 1943, that Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) as an activist. Only eight years later, his first major presidential position was in place as the president of the ANC Youth League which he co-founded. Since its foundation, ANC aims to enhance the human rights and living conditions of black people in South Africa. ANC was the reason for Mandela to be sent in jail for nine months since he participated in protest activities. However, in 1960, ANC Youth League lost financial and militant support thus being banned. This made Mandela to realise that peaceful behaviour was not the method to change things in Africa. Pride and anger for the unfairness he was forced to face, necessitated him to form a military group that was operating illegally, called The Spear of the Nation. They were fighting the government in silence through sabotage. For instance, they were destroying peoples properties (Notable Biographies, 2010). Prior to this, in 1952, Mandela launched the first black legal company in South Africa. He was offering his legal advices to black people for free or low cost. However, seven years later, new laws were passed, forcing the creation of separated homelands for black people enhancing the racial segregation (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). The later, let Mandela to become more active towards protecting the rights of black people. This resulted in Mandela being arrested and imprisoned in Johannesburg Fort, in 1962, for five years, although managing to escape. That did not last for long as he was arrested again and accused for sabotage and treason. As a consequence Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment. The first eighteen years of his imprisonment were in Robben island prison (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). This as he himself described, was a prison with maximum security, forcing them to work hard, humiliating them and living under inhuman conditions. In 1968, his mother and his son died but he was not permitted to attend either of the funerals. Contrary to that and to the treatment received by the government, he never stopped supporting his beliefs thus rejecting a liberation offer by the president of South Africa, PW Botha. Moving on in the time of the imprisonment, better and more human conditions were offered to him in 1988 as he underwent a prostate surgery. Eventually, after twenty-seven years in prison and as a response to worldwide calls, Nelson Mandela was finally released in 1990 and elected as the president of ANC (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). However if an evaluation was to be made for his life so far, the suffering he encountered is clearly shown. The government did not allow him any visitors and they considered discussions regarding Mandela as illegal. However, these decisions against Mandela increased peoples perception about him, both worldwide and locally. On the top, in peoples minds Mandela was synonym to words like fairness, ethnical right and leader. He became an international symbol against racism (Notable Biographies, 2010). After being released from prison Mandela did not stop fighting for the black people. He started discussions with the existing president of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk, concluding that only a compromise between black and white people will prevent the occurrence of a civil war in their country. Eventually, the establishment of the new democratic government was a fact. This new government was giving the right to vote to all South Africans (Notable Biographies, 2010). The upcoming years of his life were the rewards for his nonstop race for equality. In 1993 he was awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize due to his achievement of the equality in voting rights. A year later, black South Africans and Mandela were allowed to vote for the first time in their life. The result was internationally expected. Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). During the years of his presidency, he tried hard to minimise the various political differences in South Africa. Moreover, he tried to build up a healthier economy in combination with establishing a more solid democracy. Additionally, he was one of the supporters of clearing peoples criminal record if that was created during the years of racism by the countrys government (Notable Biographies, 2010). Ending a successful century his duration as his countrys president ends in 1999. However, his political career doesnt end. He was placed at the position of the statesman where he was acting as the third party in the process for peace (Notable Biographies, 2010). The first decade of the new century found Mandela facing the accursed disease, as he was diagnosed with prostate cancer but he fought and succeeded for once more in his life. As all things come to an end, at the age of eighty-five he retired from the public life. However, only two years ago at the age of ninety, he showed that his vision of equality and fairness never stopped bothering him. Through a speech he urged and tried to inspire the young generation to continue the fight for social justice (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). Summing up his career, The United Nations General Assembly declares July 18 Mandela Day as a tribute to his contribution to world freedom (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). In general, Nelson Mandela can be characterised as an excellent leader, with good judgement and listening skills, sensitive and open-minded. He was an intelligent leader since it requires good strategic plan and clever manoeuvre in order to defeat your enemies without humiliating them. Once, he stated that my life was shaped by custom, ritual and taboo and this was the alpha and omega of our existence (Mandela N., 1994). This excellent knowledge of his origin enabled him to be more confident of what he was fighting for. Thus his vision of a peaceful South Africa without any racial segregation became a more approachable target. This explains one of his favourite quotes; a good head and a good heart are always a formidable combination (Brainy Quotes, 2010). Moreover, he was exposed to significant leadership education throughout his career. For instance, seeing the world from your enemys eyes enables you to identify easier their strengths and weaknesses, planning a more effective strate gy (Times Magazine, 2008). The worldwide discussion of whether you are born or developed as a leader is not a question for Nelson Mandela. It is unanimously believed that Mandela had the charisma to be a leader. This is supported by his acts throughout his life and the recognition he faced worldwide. Scanning Mandelas life, it can be seen that the way to lead the people was influenced from his childhood. This is because he used to attend the local tribal meetings, where he was observing the speakers, and absorbing every small detail of leadership characteristics. These principles were his significant tools throughout his political life. In his biography, he notes that in the meetings he was just concluding the discussions, most of the times without adding anything new but taking everyones talk into consideration (Mandela N., 1994). Strategically he admits that in the back of his mind he was following a well planned schedule. A leader is like a shepherd he supports, in a way that the flock thinks that it rules, but actually the shepherd directs the movements from start till the end (Mandela N., 1994). Moving on with the evaluation of Mandelas characteristics, one can describe Mandela as team manager. This is because he was a supporter and a listener of his followers concerns but he always had in mind his primary goal, being both task and people oriented. He tried to motivate people by making each individual to feel necessary and important thus increasing their willingness to help and achieve their goal. Making a critical analysis of Mandelas overall attitude, characteristics of a level five leader can be observed, i.e. Mandela represents an executive leader. This is because there is a combination of professional will and personal humility. Being focused on his main goal, he was not afraid of being dishonoured. For instance, his life imprisonment showed that he was not afraid to accept the consequences of his own acts even though humiliation was present. Showing professional will, even when he was in the plane to be taken to Robben Island he did not stop thinking as a leader. He was looking at the area as a strategist where he was trying to find ideal places to launch his army in order to continue fighting for his vision (Mandela N., 1994). This way of thinking also characterise him as a strategic innovative leader. As a transformational leader he showed his various ways of leadership. He was engaged in individualized consideration and this can be proved by his refusal towards the president P.W. Botha to release him from prison. Furthermore his boxing training enhanced his skills. Attracted by the science of boxing, i.e. the democratic and strategic rules that needed to be followed and not the violence of it, Mandela used the sport to improve his leadership initiative and self confidence. This attitude categorises Mandela as an alchemist and achiever. Renamed voluntarily by his boxing colleagues, Chief, showed that his leading skills were used even during his daily routine (Mandela N., 1994). All the aforementioned characteristics show his authenticity as a leader. One can be completely persuaded that he knew how to manage his skills and which personality traits to reveal for each occasion. Two important quotes that he used throughout his life were firstly that If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart (Brainy Quotes, 2010). This shows that he knew the way to cope with people and influence them. Secondly, Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world (Brainy Quotes, 2010). In order to achieve his vision he always had in mind that goodness and forgiveness are two important aspects to fulfil. To sum up, Mandelas life and actions made people realize that everyone can have a dream, big or small, good or bad. However, this does not mean that it will be publicly accepted. People will fight ones vision but looking at Mandelas story what stays in mind is that, you should never give up. Developing a well organised plan and creating a well structured strategy are the key components for a successful path to be followed. Although Nelson Mandela spent many years in prison, he never stopped trying to transform his vision into reality. In an article in Guardian newspaper he states that if people of courage and good conscience are prepared to stand and fight there is nothing we cannot achieve (The Guardian, 2010). Thus leading with vision, courage and always being a shepherd is the lesson gained from Nelson Mandelas leadership. References: Brainy Quotes. 2010. Nelson Mandela Quotes. [online] accessed at: 14/06/2010 Available at: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/n/nelson_mandela.html Mandela N. 1994. Long Walk to Freedom. Autobiography Notable Biographies. 2010. Nelson Mandela. Encyclopaedia of World Biography. [online] accessed at: 14/06/2010 Available at: http://www.notablebiographies.com/Lo-Ma/Mandela-Nelson.html Telegraph.co.uk. 2010. Nelson Mandela Timeline. Telegraph Media Group Limited. [online] accessed at: 14/06/2010 Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/7819734/Nelson-Mandela-timeline.html The Guardian. 2010. My hero Nelson Mandela by Gordon Brown. [online] accessed at: 15/06/2010 Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/apr/17/nelson-mandela-hero-gordon-brown Times Magazine. 2008. The Secrets of Leadership from Nelson Mandela. [online] accessed at: 15/06/2010 Available at: http://www.deliverfreedom.com/blog/time-magazine-the-secrets-of-leadership-from-nelson-mandela/

The Crime of Stalking Essay -- Crime Stalking Stalk Harassment Essays

The Crime of Stalking Stalking has been around since the beginning of time. Men and women alike have been accused of such a crime cause they either can't get it out of their head that the other person does not want to have anything to do with them, or they are just obsessed with a stranger. It is just recent that they United States Government have decided to make stalking a crime in it self. This type of crime was labeled as harassment, annoyance, or domestic violence. It wasn?t until the 80's and 90's that stalking cases were brought to the attention of the media and high political policy makers. I suppose that I should inform you as to the legal definition of stalking before I go any further with this paper. There really is no one definition, each state has the right to put down on paper their own definition of what they this is stalking. Most states will agree that stalking is a willful course of conduct involving repeated or continuing harassment or another individual that would cause a reasonable person to feel terrorized, intimidated, threatened, harassed, or molested, and that actually causes the victim to feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated, threatened, harassed, or molested. Basically this is saying that in order for there to be stalking, a person need to feel like their life is in danger, they are unable to lead a normal life cause of another person that won?t leave them alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three main types of stalkers. The first one is the simple obsession type. This is probably the most common one consisting of 70 to 80 percent of all stalking cases. Most of these were brought on when a relationship of some type was terminated. This could have been a business relationship, neighbor, customer, dating or even a lover. These people are also seen as the most dangerous. In cases where the two people were dating or lovers, they become obsessed with getting the relationship back, not with the sexual aspect. This type of stalker has a low self-esteem and feels that their partner is the only positive thing in their life. They fear losing this person, for they become dependant on them for their support and sense of achievement. They literally feel that without this person being an active and positive part in their life that they are worthless. They do not realize that they are driving the person further from them, they think that they a... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Expecting police to solve your problem and hope it goes away 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taking adequate privacy and safety precautions 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neglecting to enlist the support of family and friends. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ignoring their emotional need before and after a stalking . This is only the top ten mistake that a victim makes. There are probably plenty others, and if a person feels like a they are a victim of stalking then they need to get some help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, stalking is not something to be taken lightly. It is a serious crime that affects thousands of people each year. Recent laws are making it safer for the victim, but there is a lot more that needs to be done, and as long as there are men and women on this earth then there is going to be stalking. Works Cited 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heavy Hands, by: Denise Gosslin. Prentice Hall 2000. Pp. 316-326 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  National Call for Law Enforcement Stalking Protocol, by: David Anderson (6 Mar. 2000) 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Top Ten Mistakes, by: Clairity Consulting. (6 Mar. 2000) http://www.stalkingvictims.com/mistakes.html 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stalker Definition, by: Zona. (6 Mar. 2000) http://onour.com/stalking/definiti.htm

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, author of The Great Gatsby, was born on September 24, 1896. He later became one of the world known authors by having his books translated to different languages and printed.. He was often described as the drunken author, or the ruined novelists at the time. Yet, his books attract attention of people who have read his books that he has written. Fitzgerald used the American Dream, past relationships with love, and the people in his life, to create The Great Gatsby, that became one of the best books written during the Jazz Age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, The Great Gatsby introduces more of the American Dream and hope of wealth. For example, when Fitzgerald was a youngster, he fantasized that he was rich and had a life of ease (Oxford 44). Fitzgerald’s dream for wealth and happiness was something that meant a lot to people of that time. He sees it as the key to his future, making life for him better. In addition, Fitzgerald’s omen was the loneliness of Gatsby pursuing his impossible dream (Kazen K2). Gatsby was rich, but his life wasn’t complete, he was missing something in his life. Soldiers of past wars enjoyed The Great Gatsby because of Gatsby’s dream and will. All in all, Fitzgeralds use of the American Dream was very successful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, Fitzgerald used this experience with love to create emotion in his books. For instance, Fitzgerald was determined to win the heart of a young lady named Zelda (Oxford 46). He used this in The Great Gatsby to show the devotion of Gatsby’s love for Daisy. By doing so Fitzgerald creates a romantic theme in the story. Later in time, Fitzgerald found that Zelda was having an affair with another man (Oxford D7). Once he found out, his life was not the same anymore. He became an alcoholic full with problems in his life. I believe this is where Tom Buchannon’s relationship with Daisy became a reality to him. To sum it up Fitzgerald felt love and pain and expressed it in his works of literature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, Fitzgerald experienced influences throughout his life, which changed his future. Particularly, Father Sigourney Fay was the one who gave advice and wisdom to him (F. Scott Fitzgerald 679). Father Fay was someone who watched Scott and told him what was right and what was wrong in life. His advice and help gave Fitzgerald the sense to achieve high goals and dreams. In addition, he was successful as a novelist, but was corrupted by his lifestyle (F. Scott Fitzgerald 683).

Eminem :: essays research papers

For my research paper, I chose to write about Marshall Mathers. I chose to write about him because he is the best young rapper, and I like how he doesn’t care what happens, he just goes with it. He isn’t a very good role model, but he is funny, and couldn’t care less what anybody says about him. He had a rough childhood that reflects to now, and makes great records and songs that describe his life and what has happened during it. Marshall Bruce Mathers III was born on October 17, 1974 in Kansas City, Missouri. He created his own nickname, Eminem, which is pronounced M&M, from his initials, M.M. Marshall had a harsh and cruel childhood, where he constantly moved between Kansas City and Metro Detroit. When he was a child, he lived with his mother. His mother’s name is Debbie Mathers-Briggs. Eminem has never even seen a picture of his father in his life. Eminem and his mother continued moving and never stayed in one place longer than six months. His mothe r worked very hard and many jobs to provide for herself and Marshall. When Eminem was in school, he used to get beat up every day. There wasn’t one day when he didn’t get beat up by the same group of kids, just for being himself. One day those kids almost killed him, and Eminem went into a coma. The day after he got out of the hospital, they moved again. Eminem continued to move back and forth from his mothers to his grandmothers, until the age of 11, when he and his mother settled in Detroit for good. Marshall first started to get into rap when he was 14. Some of his musical influences growing up were the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, and Run DMC. As Eminem persued his rapping career, he would often hustle radio stations into playing his self-made tapes, to get some publicity over the radio waves. Marshall felt that his rapping career was starting to take off. He was getting some big calls to rap in major places and he thought everyone has started to love him. Soon, he fou nd the love of his life, Kim. They had a baby girl together, named Hailie Jade, on December 25, 1995. Eminem decided to release his first full-length album in 1996 called Infinite. It was somewhat of an experimental thing, but the record did not sell any copies.

Cambridge Syllabus With Qns

There will be no statement specifically asking for examples; it is assumed that they will form a natural part of the response. Some questions will require specific reference to Singapore and Singapore issues. The paper will consist of a mixture of direct questions and statements that are intended to provoke a response from the candidate. The latter should provoke thought, rather than just acceptance of the assertion. Whilst some questions may appear to have a particularly ‘topical flavor', this is the result of chance, not design, since questions are set well in advance of the year in which any given examination is taken.Of course, candidates are able to make use of such material for the purpose of relevant illustration, but any attempt to ;spot' a likely topic for a given year is unlikely to prove useful. The Framing of the Questions The Principal Examiner submits a selection of proposed questions, covering a range of topic areas. These are then scrutinized by a panel of Senio r Examiners / Moderators for comment / suggested changes or modifications. The purpose of this is to ensure balance and to avoid any possible misunderstanding Or ambiguity in the wording that could disadvantage candidates.The Principal Examiner reviews the first draft in the light of the above and submits a second version of the Paper which is discussed and finalized at a meeting with the Subject Officer and the Scrutinizers. All questions are equally weighted. There is no credit given to a response to a question simply because it may be deemed ‘more difficult'. For the sake of rarity in the Paper, various words / phrase are used as question ‘prompts' e. G Discuss, Do you agree? , To what extent, Is it fair†¦? , How far†¦? . There is little or no difference in the demands of the question depending on the ‘prompt' that is used.However, key words to note are ‘always', ‘never', ‘every', ‘all', and any other words that seem to suggest an extreme position, or one that offers no alternative view. This is a highly unlikely situation and such words or phrases should be challenged. Some Thoughts on the Use of English The Principal Examiner's report for the past few years has stressed the point hat Centers and Candidates appear to be well aware of the demands of the Paper, but that it is the quality of expression that is the clearest discriminator between scripts.The Reports have also listed the recurrent nature of the problems to be found in weaker scripts. Essentially, these relate to a) subject / verb agreement; b) confused and insecure use of tenses; c) incorrect use of prepositions; d) incorrect use of language / common confusions; e) certain recurrent Structures, especially' Although†¦ Because' . Candidates sometimes seem to rely on stock words and phrases. Whilst this can assist retain students, it can also detract from a sense of a confident personal voice.Nothing can replace the experience of developing l anguage in context through broad reading of quality texts. Candidates are given credit for what is termed ‘felicitous expression' and examples of good vocabulary and phrasing are acknowledged with a ‘tick' in the text. This often acts as an indicator when assessing the ‘Use of English' mark that a script is approaching the top band. Nevertheless, this only applies if the use of such vocabulary forms part of an overall fluency in the writing. A simple style does not have to be simplistic.Poor control, leading to a breakdown in sentence structure, is the greatest reason for a poor English mark. By simply varying sentence openings, and ensuring that economy of language is achieved, a good mark can be gained for use of English. The use of jargon, especially when addressing economic and social issues, has already been raised. These are not necessarily undesirable, as long as they are explained and form part of the candidate's own individual style. Introductions are very important and examiners are asked to make a brief comment on the Opening to each essay.An effective introduction shows an immediate awareness of the central issues of the question, defining any difficult words, or ones that require clear parameters for the purpose of the discussion. Often, however, candidates waste too much time in defining unnecessarily simple ideas, such as a ‘school' or a ‘business'. Of course, it is useful to give a brief account of the different types in each case, but there are occasions when an over-pedantic attempt at definition merely blurs the introduction, rather than clarifying the direction that the essay will aim to pursue.

National Crime & Criminal Information System

Preliminary Project Plan For the National Crime Information System Project Group Members Asebe Jeware Bereka Yesuf Betreab Solomon Fantaye Kumssa Hijira Seid Tadesse Aregawi Tilaye Teshome Table of Contents 1Executive Summary3 2Project Scope6 3Expected Benefits8 4Preliminary Project Timeline9 5Preliminary Staffing Requirements10 6Preliminary Risk Assessment11 7Preliminary Assumptions12 8Preliminary Budget13 9This Project And Its Impact On Or By Other Projects14 10This Project And Its Impact On Or By Existing Systems15 11This Project And Its Impact On Or By Existing Infrastructure16 12Recommendations / Next Steps17 13Appendices18Executive Summary The  National Crime Information System (NCIS)  will be the country’s central  database for tracking crime-related information. The project would act as a computerized index of crime and criminal justice information (i. e. – criminal record history information, fugitives, stolen properties, wanted and missing persons) and w ill be available to Federal Police, Regional state Police commissions, Federal Ministry of Justice, Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission, Federal Prison Administration, Authorized law enforcement agencies and other criminal justice organizations and it will be operational 24 hours a day.The purpose for maintaining the NCIS is to provide a computerized database for ready access by the Federal Police making an inquiry and for prompt disclosure of information in the system from other criminal justice agencies about crimes and criminals. This information assists authorized agencies in criminal justice and related law enforcement objectives, such as apprehending fugitives, locating missing persons, locating and returning stolen property, generating statistical data on crimes and criminals as well as in the protection of the law enforcement officers encountering the individuals described in the system.The project would be involved in eliciting the requirements from Federal Police , Regional State Polices, Ministry of Justice and Other Stakeholders, understanding those requirements and developing a prototype of the application that we have planned to build. The NCIS project will be completed in two years. We plan to achieve maximum automation of crime Investigation process and try to minimize the manual intervention. The system will have a common database in which authorized officers can easily find crime and criminal information anywhere in the country. BackgroundEthiopia has an administrative structure of federal system in which states forming the federation govern themselves through their own legislative, judiciary and executive organs. There are nine regional states and two city administrative councils that form the Government. This necessitates a high degree of coordination among the Federal Government, states and other institutions towards achieving national objectives. The Federal Police which is one of the major law enforcement bodies is expected to p lay a pivotal role in the administration of Crime Prevention and Investigation.However, the absence of a well organized National Crime Information system has remained a major challenge to the Organizations in Criminal Justice to carryout their duties and responsibilities successfully. This reality makes it mandatory to create and develop a well defined and systematized crime data collection method and the establishment of a sustainable Crime Information System that would be used as inexhaustible source of data/information for purposes of crime prevention, criminal investigation, policy formulation etc. Scope (X months or years in duration)The Project will introduce a new Information System; with the following features: †¢ It records and manages the national crimes and criminals information. †¢ Manages and Records missing, wanted persons and fugitives. †¢ Locating stolen properties and missing persons. †¢ Searching and generating statistical report on crimes and c riminals. †¢ Providing information on missing persons and stolen properties for further investigation. Outcomes / Expected Benefits †¢ The NCIS will make available a variety of records to be used for law enforcement and security purposes.These records are made up of a variety of forms of personal and property records. †¢ The information in the NCIS assists authorized agencies in criminal justice objectives, such as apprehending fugitives, locating missing persons, locating and returning stolen property, as well as in the protection of the law enforcement officers encountering the individuals described in the system. †¢ The system will have crime database information which will be centrally available and shared among stakeholders. Make available statistical data on crimes and criminals that would help in providing education to the public on major crimes †¢ Researchers and study centers will have access to the database information relevant for their purpose. à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Make available Statistical data on crimes that would help in revising existing laws and crime prevention directions †¢ Easily allocate data on criminals, missing persons, and lost properties.†¢ Formulates means and methods of criminal statistical data collection, organization , analysis and interpretation necessary to study the causes of crimes and design methods of crime prevention Project Scope Project Name: National Crime Information System (NCIS) | |Project Sponsor(s): |Project Manager: | |Federal Police |Fantaye | |Project Start Date: |Project End Date: | |October 2010 |October 2012 | |Goals / Objectives | |The business goals and objectives for this project will focus on implementing an Information System that: | |Facilitates coordination and information sharing between the major law enforcement and crime prevention organizations of the country | |Facilitates coordinated crime prevention and reduction. |Provides high levels of data security. | |Facilitates the electronic capture of data at its source. | |Eliminate redundant data entry throughout the organization. | |provide a computerized data base for ready access by a criminal justice Organs | | | |Project goals and objectives: | | | |Ensure that end users have input into the design process. |Accomplish project business goals and objectives within defined budget and time parameters. | |Minimize impact to standard business operations within the affected units. | |Craft a favorable and secure agreement between the Department and the selected vendor. | |Background / Narrative | |The absence of a centrally shared information system on crimes and criminals is a major problem for all criminal justices bodies of the country | |to easily allocate wanted persons, locate missing properties and have a realistic statistical data on major crimes.This reality makes it | |mandatory to create and develop a well defined and systematized crime data collection method and the establishment of a sustainable Crime | |Information System that would be used as inexhaustible source of data/information for purposes of crime prevention, criminal investigation, | |policy formulation etc. | |Project Deliverables | |The following are the tangible deliverables for this project: | |Preliminary Project Plan |Requirements Elicitation | |Requirements Analysis | |Architectural Design | |Object/Component Design | |Coding | |Testing | |Final version of all documents | | | |Intangible deliverables | |Security | |Performance | |Availability | |Accuracy | |Completeness | |Project Boundaries | |The project is limited to handle crime and criminal related information.